PGR_NTX Patriot Guard Heat Stress Documents
Mission Information For North Texas PGR
mission at txpgr.org
Tue Jun 23 23:43:44 CDT 2009
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Here is some more good information about the heat, how it affects us, first
aid and prevention of heat related illness provided by Ride Captain Steve
Hirtzel. This is complete with attachments and many useful links throughout
the document. Steve is the safety director for Lockheed Martin with many
years of experience in that field and a wonderful resource of information.
Steve Lucas
Deputy State Captain
North Texas PGR
Here is some good information from reliable sources on heat exposure.
How does heat affect the body?
The effect of heat on the body is a result of three factors: humidity level
causing 70% of heat stress, sun radiation causing 20% and the temperature
causing 10% of heat stress. It is therefore important to understand that the
humidity level plays the most important role in heat induced stress and
illness. During heat waves, the temperature is measured but the humidity is
also recorded and tends to bring up the temperature. This measurement is
referred to as the HUMIDEX.
How does heat affect the body?
Generally humans can control their internal temperature in the heat by
sweating. However under extreme heat and humidity conditions the body cannot
keep up and will suffer from heat stress. The elderly and young children, as
well as those with chronic respiratory and heart conditions are more
susceptible to heat induced injury.
What are the consequences of heat exposure?
Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion usually occurs after prolonged exposure to heat and/or heavy
exercise in the heat resulting in increased loss of body fluids through
heavy sweating. The signs of heat exhaustion include:
· Clammy, pale skin
· Sweating
· Dry mouth
· Tiredness(fatigue)
· Headache and or dizziness
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NIOSH Safety and Health Topic:
Heat Stress
Workers drinking waterFire fighter working in intense heatWorkers casting
hot metal
Overview
Workers who are exposed to extreme heat or work in hot environments may be
at risk of heat stress. Exposure to extreme heat can result in occupational
illnesses and injuries. Heat stress can result in heat stroke, heat
exhaustion, heat cramps, or heat rashes. Heat can also increase the risk of
injuries in workers as it may result in sweaty palms, fogged-up safety
glasses, and dizziness. Burns may also occur as a result of accidental
contact with hot surfaces or steam.
Summer Hazards for Workers – now on the NIOSH Science Blog. Read it and
<http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/blog/nsb071408_summerheat.html> share your
comments...
Workers at risk of heat stress include outdoor workers and workers in hot
environments such as firefighters, bakery workers, farmers, construction
workers, miners, boiler room workers, factory workers, and others. Workers
at greater risk of heat stress include those who are 65 years of age or
older, are overweight, have heart disease or high blood pressure, or take
medications that may be affected by extreme heat.
Prevention of heat stress in workers is important. Employers should provide
training to workers so they understand what heat stress is, how it affects
their health and safety, and how it can be prevented.
Types of Heat Stress
<http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/heatstress/#_Heat_Stroke#_Heat_Stroke>
Heat Stroke |
<http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/heatstress/#_Heat_Exhaustion#_Heat_Exhausti
on> Heat Exhaustion |
<http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/heatstress/#_Heat_Syncope#_Heat_Syncope>
Heat Syncope |
<http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/heatstress/#_Heat_Cramps#_Heat_Cramps> Heat
Cramps |
<http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/heatstress/#_Heat_Rash#_Heat_Rash> Heat
Rash
Heat Stroke
Heat stroke is the most serious heat-related disorder. It occurs when the
body becomes unable to control its temperature: the body's temperature rises
rapidly, the sweating mechanism fails, and the body is unable to cool down.
When heat stroke occurs, the body temperature can rise to 106 degrees
Fahrenheit or higher within 10 to 15 minutes. Heat stroke can cause death or
permanent disability if emergency treatment is not given.
Symptoms
Symptoms of heat stroke include:
* Hot, dry skin (no sweating)
* Hallucinations
* Chills
* Throbbing headache
* High body temperature
* Confusion/dizziness
* Slurred speech
First Aid
Take the following steps to treat a worker with heat stroke:
* Call 911 and notify their supervisor.
* Move the sick worker to a cool shaded area.
* Cool the worker using methods such as:
* Soaking their clothes with water.
* Spraying, sponging, or showering them with water.
* Fanning their body.
Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion is the body's response to an excessive loss of the water and
salt, usually through excessive sweating. Workers most prone to heat
exhaustion are those that are elderly, have high blood pressure, and those
working in a hot environment.
Symptoms
Symptoms of heat exhaustion include:
* Heavy sweating
* Extreme weakness or fatigue
* Dizziness, confusion
* Nausea
* Clammy, moist skin
* Pale or flushed complexion
* Muscle cramps
* Slightly elevated body temperature
* Fast and shallow breathing
First Aid
Treat a worker suffering from heat exhaustion with the following:
* Have them rest in a cool, shaded or air-conditioned area.
* Have them drink plenty of water or other cool, nonalcoholic
beverages.
* Have them take a cool shower, bath, or sponge bath.
Heat Syncope
Heat syncope is a fainting (syncope) episode or dizziness that usually
occurs with prolonged standing or sudden rising from a sitting or lying
position. Factors that may contribute to heat syncope include dehydration
and lack of acclimatization.
Symptoms
Symptoms of heat syncope include:
* Light-headedness
* Dizziness
* Fainting
First Aid
Workers with heat syncope should:
* Sit or lie down in a cool place when they begin to feel symptoms.
* Slowly drink water, clear juice, or a sports beverage.
Heat Cramps
Heat cramps usually affect workers who sweat a lot during strenuous
activity. This sweating depletes the body's salt and moisture levels. Low
salt levels in muscles causes painful cramps. Heat cramps may also be a
symptom of heat exhaustion.
Symptoms
Muscle pain or spasms usually in the abdomen, arms, or legs.
First Aid
Workers with heat cramps should:
* Stop all activity, and sit in a cool place.
* Drink clear juice or a sports beverage.
* Do not return to strenuous work for a few hours after the cramps
subside because further exertion may lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke.
* Seek medical attention if any of the following apply:
* The worker has heart problems.
* The worker is on a low-sodium diet.
* The cramps do not subside within one hour.
Heat Rash
Heat rash is a skin irritation caused by excessive sweating during hot,
humid weather.
Symptoms
Symptoms of heat rash include:
* Heat rash looks like a red cluster of pimples or small blisters.
* It is more likely to occur on the neck and upper chest, in the
groin, under the breasts, and in elbow creases.
First Aid
Workers experiencing heat rash should:
* Try to work in a cooler, less humid environment when possible.
* Keep the affected area dry.
* Dusting powder may be used to increase comfort.
Recommendations for Employers
Employers should take the following steps to protect workers from heat
stress:
* Schedule maintenance and repair jobs in hot areas for cooler months.
* Schedule hot jobs for the cooler part of the day.
* Acclimatize workers by exposing them for progressively longer
periods to hot work environments.
* Reduce the physical demands of workers.
* Use relief workers or assign extra workers for physically demanding
jobs.
* Provide cool water or liquids to workers.
* Avoid drinks with caffeine, alcohol, or large amounts of sugar.
* Provide rest periods with water breaks.
* Provide cool areas for use during break periods.
* Monitor workers who are at risk of heat stress.
* Provide heat stress training that includes information about:
* Worker risk
* Prevention
* Symptoms
* The importance of monitoring yourself and coworkers for symptoms
* Treatment
* Personal protective equipment
Recommendations for Workers
Workers should avoid exposure to extreme heat, sun exposure, and high
humidity when possible. When these exposures cannot be avoided, workers
should take the following steps to prevent heat stress:
* Wear light-colored, loose-fitting, breathable clothing such as
cotton.
* Avoid non-breathing synthetic clothing.
* Gradually build up to heavy work.
* Schedule heavy work during the coolest parts of day.
* Take more breaks in extreme heat and humidity.
* Take breaks in the shade or a cool area when possible.
* Drink water frequently. Drink enough water that you never become
thirsty.
* Avoid drinks with caffeine, alcohol, and large amounts of sugar.
* Be aware that protective clothing or personal protective equipment
may increase the risk of heat stress.
* Monitor your physical condition and that of your coworkers.
CDC Resources
MMWR: Heat-Related <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5724a1.htm>
Deaths among Crop Workers, 1992-2006
CDC: Extreme Heat <http://emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/>
Additional information on heat stress illnesses and prevention.
<http://emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/es/> En Español
NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended <http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/86-113.html>
Standard: Occupational Exposure to Hot Environments (Revised Criteria 1986)
This document presents the criteria, techniques, and procedures for the
assessment, evaluation, and control of occupational heat stress by
engineering and preventive work practices. Included are ways of predicting
health risks, procedures for control of heat stress, and techniques for
prevention and treatment of heat-related illnesses.
NIOSH: Working in Hot Environments <http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hotenvt.html>
Workers who are suddenly exposed to working in a hot environment face
additional and generally avoidable hazards to their safety and health. This
publication discusses the safety and health consequences of heat stress.
Health Hazard Evaluations
* Health
<http://www2a.cdc.gov/hhe/select.asp?PjtName=41990&bFlag=0&ID=27> Hazard
Evaluation Report, HETA 2004-0334-3017, Transportation Security
Administration, Palm Beach International Airport, West Palm Beach, Florida
* Health
<http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/2003-0311-3052.pdf> Hazard
Evaluation Report, HETA 2003-0311-3052, Evaluation of Heat Stress at a Glass
Bottle Manufacturer, Lapel, Indiana
* Health
<http://www2a.cdc.gov/hhe/select.asp?PjtName=33417&bFlag=0&ID=7> Hazard
Evaluation Report, HETA 2000-0061-2885, United States Air Force, Seymour
Johnson air Force Base, Goldsboro, North Carolina
Other Government Resources
Occupational Safety and <http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/heatstress/index.html>
Health Administration (OSHA) Safety and Health Topics: Heat Stress
Provides a guide to information regarding the recognition, evaluation,
control, and compliance actions involving heat stress.
External link: http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/heatstress/index.html
OSHA Technical <http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_iii/otm_iii_4.html>
Manual Section III: Chapter 4 - Heat Stress
Provides descriptions of heat disorders, investigative guidelines, sampling
methods, control, and PPE.
External link: http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_iii/otm_iii_4.html
OSHA Sawmills eTool: <http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/sawmills/heat.html>
Heat Stresses
Provides information on the hazards of heat stress and possible solutions or
controls.
External link: http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/sawmills/heat.html
OSHA Quick Card: Heat <http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3154.html>
Stress
Provides heat stress factors, symptoms, prevention tips, and first aid
recommendations.
External link: http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3154.html
<http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3155.html> En Español
External link: http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3155.html
OSHA <http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/heat_stress.pdf> Fact
Sheet: Protecting Workers from Effects of Heat
Provides information that will help workers understand what heat stress is,
how it may affect their health and safety, and how it can be prevented.
this document in PDF 22.18 KB (2 pages)
OSHA <http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/working_outdoors.pdf>
Fact Sheet: Working Outdoors in Warm Climates
Hot summer months pose special hazards for outdoor workers who must protect
themselves against heat, sun exposure, and other hazards. Employers and
employees should know the potential hazards in their workplaces and how to
manage them.
this document in PDF 25.38 KB (2 pages)
NASD:
* NASD:
<http://www.nasdonline.org/docs/d000001-d000100/d000004/d000004.html> Keep
Cool
Outdoor worker flyer about heat stress.
* NASD:
<http://www.nasdonline.org/docs/d001601-d001700/d001633/d001633.html>
Dangers of Heat Stress
Provides a script that can be used to deliver a 15-minute training session
to employees. The text explains the impact that hot weather work can have on
health, describes preventive measures, and touches briefly on first aid.
<http://www.nasdonline.org/docs/d001601-d001700/d001633/d001633-s.html> En
Español
* NASD:
<http://www.nasdonline.org/docs/d001701-d001800/d001702/d001702.html> Heat
Stress
A flyer that will enable the reader with information to be able to identify
symptoms of heat stroke and exhaustion, and know the emergency procedures
for both.
<http://www.nasdonline.org/docs/d001701-d001800/d001702/d001702-s.html> En
Español
* NASD:
<http://www.nasdonline.org/docs/d001701-d001800/d001749/d001749.html> Sun
Exposure
A flyer about possible outcomes of overexposure to the sun, and how to
prevent overexposure.
<http://www.nasdonline.org/docs/d001701-d001800/d001749/d001749-s.html> En
Español
National Oceanic <http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/heat/index.shtml> &
Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Weather Service: Heat Index
External link: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/heat/index.shtml
NOAA: Heat Wave - A <http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/heatwave.pdf>
Major Summer Killer
Provides general information regarding the recognition and control of heat
stress.
this document in PDF 267.79 KB (2 pages)
Mine Safety <http://www.msha.gov/s&hinfo/heatstress/heatstresshp.htm> &
Health Administration (MSHA): Heat Stress - What to Do.
Provides documents related to heat stress in the mining industry.
External link: http://www.msha.gov/s&hinfo/heatstress/heatstresshp.htm
United <http://www.fs.fed.us/fire/safety/fitness/heat_stress/hs_pg1.html>
States Department of Agriculture (USDA): Wildland Fire Safety - Heat Stress
This brochure focuses on the risks of heat stress, and what the firefighter
should do to minimize those risks.
External link:
http://www.fs.fed.us/fire/safety/fitness/heat_stress/hs_pg1.html
U.S.
<http://www.eustis.army.mil/weather/weather_products/wxconversions.htm#HeatI
ndex> Army: Heat Index Calculator
External link:
http://www.eustis.army.mil/weather/weather_products/wxconversions.htm#HeatIn
dex
Additional Resources
American Conference <http://www.acgih.org/store/ProductDetail.cfm?id=1361>
of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: Product Store - Threshold Limit
Values and Biological Exposure Indices
This document is available for purchase at:
http://www.acgih.org/store/ProductDetail.cfm?id=1361
American <http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+7933%3a2004>
National Standards Institute (ANSI) - Ergonomics of the Thermal Environment:
Analytical Determination and Interpretation of Heat Stress Using Calculation
of the Predicted Heat Strain
This document specifies a method for the analytical evaluation and
interpretation of the thermal stress experienced by a subject in a hot
environment. It describes a method for predicting the sweat rate and the
internal core temperature that the human body will develop in response to
the working conditions.
This document is available for purchase at:
http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+7933%3a2004
ANSI - <http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+12894%3a2001>
Ergonomics of the Thermal Environment: Medical Supervision of Individuals
Exposed to Extreme Hot or Cold Environments
This International Standard provides advice to those concerned with the
safety of human exposures to extreme hot or cold thermal environments.
This document is available for purchase at:
http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+12894%3a2001
ANSI - <http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+7243%3a1989> Hot
environments: Estimation of the Heat Stress on Working Man, Based on the
WBGT-index (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature)
This document gives a method, which can easily be used in an industrial
environment for evaluating the stresses on a individual. It applies to the
evaluation of the mean effect of heat on man during a period representative
of his activity but it does not apply to very short periods, nor to zones of
comfort.
This document is available for purchase at:
http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO+7243%3a1989opc/section01.
html
Texas
<http://agrilifebookstore.org/publications_details.cfm?whichpublication=2079
> A&M University - Texas Cooperative Extension: Coping with Hot Work
Environments
this document in PDF 124.95 KB (3 pages)
this document in PDF PDF
<http://agrilifebookstore.org/publications_details.cfm?whichpublication=2080
> en Español 124.95 KB (3 pages)
State of <http://www.wca.state.nm.us/partners/pdf/working_outdoors.pdf> New
Mexico Workers' Compensation Administration - Safety Facts: Working Outdoors
this document in PDF 35 KB (3 pages)
Page last updated: April 13, 2009
Page last reviewed: October 22, 2008
Content Source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH)
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